willow run bomber plant employees

Completed planes flew off to field modification centers for fixes, upgrades and customizing. After Ford declined to purchase the plant, it was sold to the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation, a partnership of construction and shipbuilding magnate Henry J. Kaiser and Graham-Paige executive Joseph W. Frazer. They presented the plan to Consolidated President Reuben Fleet and George Mead, procurement director for the Advisory Council for National Defense, who countered with an offer to produce a thousand sets of wings. On November 3, 1943, employees celebrated as Willow Run turned out its 1,000th finished B-24 bomber. They lived in tents, with a mess hall and a chapel on-site, and sold their produce from a roadside stand built by Ford. FDRs goal exceeded the total of all planes built in the U.S. since the Wright brothers 1903 flight at Kitty Hawk, NC, and he challenged the aviation industry to match that number in succeeding years. At last Willow Run hit its stride in 1944. Some riveted parts were replaced with cast pieces to simplify and speed their manufacture. The plant initially built components. By Tim Trainor. Approximately one-third of the plant's assembly line workers were female. Production steadily increased, reaching the magical plane-per-hour pinnacle in mid-1944 while accounting for half of all B-24s assembled that year. It also required the installation of two turntables to turn airplane fuselages 90 degrees near the end of the assembly line. The average daily pumpage in million gallons was about 1.68 in 1942, 1.70 in 1943, and 1.66 in 1944. The others, completed in the 1930s, were located in Dearborn, Michigan (site of the Fords' Fair Lane estate); Sudbury, Massachusetts; two in Richmond Hill, Georgia (the Fords' winter home); Macon, Michigan; and Willow Run. In the meantime, visitors to the Yankee Air Museum at the airport can see how the blacksmith made a watch and helped win a war. Truman was unimpressed -- he didn't want excuses, he wanted finished bombers. Unlike menacing B-24 Liberators that took off from the same spot, these silent vehicles are on a mission to save lives and prevent destruction. [13], The Willow Run Chapel[14] was the one originally built for Camp Willow Run, and became the place of worship for the Belleville Presbyterian Church in 1979 after a series of handoffs. Company Description: Pegatron offers a wide range of electronics products in computing, communications and consumer electronics segment, including notebook PCs, desktop PCs, motherboards, cable modems, smartphones, set-top boxes, and automotive electronics, among others. It was the company that perfected the moving assembly line in the 1910s and, as a privately owned firm, it could move faster than publicly traded corporations. [11] The Willow Run plant featured a large turntable two-thirds of the way along the assembly line, allowing the B-24 production line to make a 90 turn before continuing to final assembly. [51], Michigan Live reporter Amy Biolchini toured the empty Willow Run facility in early 2013, observing:[52]. >> the willow run plant is in the process right now of being demolished. Ford built 37 planes in January, 70 in February, 96 in March, and 146 in April. Ford Motor Company had reinvented the concept with the Model T's moving assembly line. Warren Avis, a decorated B-24 pilot in the 376th Bombardment Group, opened the nations first airport rental car service in the terminal and grew it into Avis Rent A Car Systems. Although Ford had an option to purchase the plant once it was no longer needed for war production, the company declined to exercise it, and ended its association with Willow Run. Among the 37 workers surveyed, nearly 10 percent were Negroes.4 Men as young as 19 and as old as 71 were employed; the age range for . The campaign to save a portion of Willow Run for the Yankee Air Museum was called SaveTheBomberPlant.org, and is centered on a fundraising website by the same name. The influx of workers for the massive war . Riveting was an essential craft at Willow Run. Watch Ford's Willow Run plant churn out a B-24 every 55 minutes [23] The flat-tops contained four, six, or eight apartments with one, two, or three bedrooms. Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing. Despite how smoothly the plant ran, putting out a bomber an hour still wasn't an easy feat. Workers at Willow Run built a staggering 8,685 B-24 bombers -- 6,792 complete planes and 1,893 knock-down kits -- by the time the last one was finished on June 28, 1945. It was an historic but ephemeral achievement. Ford president Edsel Ford and his team explained the difficulties with design changes. There were 24 lunch rooms located throughout the complex. The Story of Willow Run highlights several of the steps involved in building the aluminum-intensive aircraft. The plant was originally designed to be able to continue to operate if parts of it were ever bombedwhich resulted in dedicated water, compressed air and gas lines to different areas of the building.". The Willow Run bomber plant, the world's largest factory and one of America's most-publicized plants, is on the outskirts of Ypsilanti, . How Ford's Willow Run Assembly Plant Helped Win World War II Architect Albert Kahn boasted that the Willow Run plant would be the Women did everything from clerical work in the offices to riveting and welding on the assembly line. The B-24H differed from earlier B-24s by having a second turret placed in the nose of the aircraft to increase defensive firepower. While this was unfolding, Sorensen retained renowned industrial architect Albert Kahn to design a factory that would adapt Fords automotive assembly techniques to mass production of a giant aircraft. The first of these apartments were ready for occupancy in August 1943. Ford recruited workers throughout the Midwest and South. Ford Motor would not only build the bombers, it would supply the airfield as well; the farm at Willow Run was an ideal location for the airfield's runways, being under the personal ownership of Henry Ford (thus solving any land acquisition problem) and sited between the main roads and rail lines connecting Detroit with Ann Arbor and points to the west. Working with architect Albert Kahn, Ford officials envisioned a massive factory with bombers built on a moving line, just like Ford's automobiles. The errant flush caused Lewis grief as he tried to find the source of the sound. Labor shortages made women essential to war industries, and the government actively recruited them to join the workforce. By mid-1944, the Willow Run assembly plant was producing one B-24 per houraccounting for half of all B-24s assembled that year. Sorensen was shocked. Part of the airport complex operated at various times as a research facility affiliated with the University of Michigan, and as a secondary United States Air Force Installation. 20900 Oakwood Boulevard, Dearborn, MI 481245029, Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation Overview, Teacher's Choice @ Giant Screen Experience, Henry Austin Clark, Jr. Graduate Internship, Clark Travel-to-Collections Research Fellowship, Diversity and Inclusion Internship Program, Teacher's Choice @ Giant Screen Experience, Educator Professional Development Overview, 6000th Ford B-24 in Flight over Detroit, Michigan, September 13, 1944, B-24 Bomber in Flight, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1944, Ford Rouge Plant Administration Building from the Ford Rotunda, Dearborn, Michigan, 1936, Henry Ford at Willow Run Bomber Plant Construction Site, 1941, Flow Chart for B-24 Production at the Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1944, Charles Sorensen and Others Viewing a Scale Model of the Willow Run Bomber Plant, July 1941, Interior of the Ford Willow Run Bomber Plant during Construction, 1941, Aerial View of the Ford Motor Company Willow Run Bomber Plant, September 1945, Workers Arriving and Departing by Bus at Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, Crowd at Dedication of Tri-Level Highway Overpass, Willow Run, Michigan, 1942, Willow Run Lodge, Housing for Willow Run Bomber Plant Workers, 1945, Employees in Classroom at the Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, B-24 Fuselage Assembly Line, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, B-24 Bombers on Assembly Line at Ford Motor Company Willow Run Bomber Plant, January 1943, Senator Harry S. Truman and Ford Executive Charles Sorensen with B-24 Liberator at Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, B-24 Engine Assembly Line, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, B-24 Bomber Wing Assembly, Ford Motor Company Willow Run Plant, 1944, Employees Assembling Bomber at Willow Run Plant, March 1943, Women Riveters at Willow Run Bomber Plant, Michigan, 1944, Employee Handling the Material Flow for the B-24 Bomber, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1944, Chefs Preparing Food at Willow Run Bomber Plant Kitchen, 1942, Hangar Hospital, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, Baseball Game at Willow Run Bomber Plant Recreation Field, September 1944, Comparing Cast and Welded Part with Pieced and Riveted Part to Improve Production, Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1944, B-24 Liberator Assembly Line at Ford Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1944, Portrait of Edsel Ford by Pirie MacDonald, 1934, B-24 Bomber Assemblies Being Loaded Into a Trailer, Willow Run Bomber Plant, circa 1943, 6,000th B-24 Bomber at Ford Motor Company Willow Run Plant, September 9, 1944, Henry Ford and President Franklin Roosevelt Touring the Willow Run Bomber Plant, 1942, Ford Institutional Advertisement on the B-24 Bomber, "Watch the Fords Go By! Between June and December 1943, construction was completed on temporary "flat-top" buildings providing homes for 2,500 families. Although officially retired, Henry Ford still had a say in the company's affairs and refused government financing for Willow Run, preferring to have his company build the factory and sell it to the government, which would lease it back to the company for the duration of the war. At peak production, the plant had a bomber come off the assembly line every 55 minutes, and the continued boost of one bomber produced a day was one bomber finished a day. Designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California, the B-24 Liberator served in every branch of the armed forces during World War II. The plant began production in summer 1941; the dedication plaque is dated June 16. That hulking plant was idled in the early 1990s, putting about 4,000 people out of work. Five main contractors hurried the project along, and parts of the plant began production in September 1941. Specialized employees -- riveters, for example -- received training in these classrooms as well. Sociologist and professor Lowell Juilliard Carr and James Edson Stermer of the University of Michigan studied the sociological conditions at Willow Run arising from the wartime surge in the worker population in their book of 1952. Their work guided custom designs of 1,600 machine tools and 11,000 fixtures, some 60 feet tall, that would stamp, mill, drill, broach and grind parts to thousandths-of-an-inch tolerances, each with repeatable precision. At its peak, Willow Run employed more than 42,000 people. Planes were assembled outdoors, exposed to a hot sun that distorted parts out of shape. The skilled women who accomplished this work -- at Willow Run and elsewhere -- inspired the symbolic "Rosie the Riveter" character. Early example of Lean. "A Historical Perspective.". Rosemary was among 200,000 southerners who flocked to southeastern Michigan for factory jobs, including 9,500 employed at Willow Run. The first B-24Ms were delivered in October 1944, and by the end of its production in 1945, Willow Run had built 1677; 124 Ford-built B-24Ms were cancelled before delivery. From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Linen (Material). Another large dormitory project, containing 1,960 rooms and known as West Lodge, was also ready for tenants at that time. The iconic Rosie the Riveter may seem to be simply a fiction from the past but she has a name - and an important history. The final B-24 bomber was produced at Willow Run plant on June 28, 1945. By the mid-1920s, a local family operating as Quirk Farms had bought the land in Van Buren Township that became the airport. Willow Run workers built 1,893 kits over the course of the war. Skeptics dismissed mass production of a plane this enormous and advanced as a carmakers fantasy that would crash and burn when repeated design changes disrupted assembly lines and junked expensive tooling. GMAD required 16 years to completely absorb Fisher Body's operations, and Fisher would manufacture bodies at Willow Run Assembly until the 1970s; vehicles would roll off the line there until 1992. We . Global Headquarters | LITE-ON Technology Corporation The remaining four hours were used to restock parts and change tooling. Out of sheer necessity, Willow Runs 42,500-member History of Willow Run Bomber Plant : CSPAN3 - Archive Efforts to desegregate Willow Run Lodge and Village and build additional integrated housing were rebuffed by the Detroit Housing Commission and the National Housing Agency,[25] so noted African-American architect Hilyard Robinson was contracted to design an 80-unit community. Even with people driving 100 miles or renting every spare room between Ann Arbor and Grosse Pointe, the sheer size of Willow Run led inevitably to a housing shortage. [3][41], The B-24H was the first variant produced by Ford at Willow Run in large numbers that went into combat. New housing, better roads and professional training alleviated Willow Runs employee retention dilemma, but didnt solve it. Rugged and versatile, Liberators served in every theater of the war with 15 Allied air forces, stalking and destroying German U-boats in Atlantic shipping lanes, flying The Hump from India over the Himalayas to bring critical fuel and supplies to the besieged Chinese army, and dropping special agents into France and the Low Countries to organize sabotage operations against Nazi occupiers. [44], By the time General Motors entered bankruptcy in 2009, manufacturing and assembly operations at Willow Run had dwindled to almost nothing; the GM Powertrain plant closed in December 2010 and the complex passed into the control of the RACER Trust, which is charged with cleaning up, positioning for redevelopment and ultimately, selling properties of the former General Motors.[7]. Well build the whole plane or nothing, Sorensen barked, accompanied by the audacious claim that Ford would assemble new B-24s every hour. 20900 Oakwood Boulevard, Dearborn, MI 481245029, Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation Overview, Teacher's Choice @ Giant Screen Experience, Henry Austin Clark, Jr. Graduate Internship, Clark Travel-to-Collections Research Fellowship, Diversity and Inclusion Internship Program, Teacher's Choice @ Giant Screen Experience, Educator Professional Development Overview. The B-17 had a six-year history of design, development, testing and limited production. Construction on the Bomber Plant began in March, 1941. There were seven known modification centers: the Birmingham Air Depot in Alabama; Consolidated's Fort Worth plant, the Oklahoma City Air Materiel Center at Tinker Field, the Tucson Modification Center at Tucson International Airport;[39] the Northwest Airlines Depot in Minneapolis; the, Martin-Omaha manufacturing plant, and the Hawaiian Air Depot at Hickam Field. By the end of the war, Ford had pushed 8,865 B-24 heavy bombers out the Willow Run doors for the Army . The standard workweek for all hourly employees was 54 hours, with time-and-a-half pay for each hour over 40. A ghostly, decaying reminder of the industrial and military history echoing within its cavernous expanse, Willow Run was demolished in 2014. He was violently anti-union and there were serious labor difficulties, including a massive strike. Consolidated had built each wing with its own temporary jig to hold the structure in place. The holding cost of the Powertrain plant is enormous. The main building would be more than a mile long with dual, parallel assembly lines. This made the farmers dislike the plant and its employees because the farmers viewed Willow Run and its employees as attempting to change the established community. Willow Run Airport was built as part of the bomber plant. [47], Building owner RACER Trust extended the original fundraising deadline (August 1, 2013) a total of three times since the Yankee Air Museum launched its SaveTheBomberPlant.org campaign. In response, the federal government built Willow Run Lodge, an on-site dormitory complex that could accommodate 3,000 single women and men; and Willow Run Village, with 2,500 family housing units. Years later, that stretch would become a section of I-94. A never-ending stream of water gurgles through the pipes to parts unknown like an underground stream. Its goal was to apply auto-making mass-production principles to . Because of the urgent need for shelter, the Federal Public Housing Administration took action and built temporary housing. Kaiser also built two C-123 Provider airframes at Willow Run, which were scrapped before delivery, as a procurement scandal involving the company put an end to any chance for future Air Force contracts. Factory golf and bowling leagues provided additional opportunities for relaxation. No B-24s were mass-assembled until the final weeks of 1942, more than a year after the plant opened, when 56 came off the line. [40], The B-24E was the first variant of the B-24 that underwent primary manufacture by Ford at Willow Run. [21][22], In February 1943, the first dormitory (Willow Run Lodge) opened, consisted of fifteen buildings containing 1,900 rooms, some single- and others double-occupancy, with room for 3,000 people. Sorensen, Edsel Ford and Henry Ford well understood the difficulties in precision mass production. Ford production chief Charles Sorensen, driving force behind the B-24 program, possessed a crusaders faith and fervor in the primacy and benefits of mass production, and had the bona fides to back it up. Still, aviation industry leaders scoffed when the War Department chose Ford Motor Co. to mass-produce Liberators. A typical month saw as many workers quit as were hired, and 8,200 more were drafted into military service. [3][4], By autumn 1943, the top leadership role at Willow Run had passed from Charles Sorensen to Mead L. The government's constant design changes to the B-24 were particularly troubling. Summary. In some places, water cascades from the rafters of the buildingsending a shower on to the oily floor below. Thursday May 4th, 2023. Over the course of the war, the hospital handled more than two million medical cases. The airfield passed into civilian hands after the war and is now controlled by Wayne County Airport Authority. The Willow Run Lodge dormitories accommodated 3,000 single women and men, while Willow Run Village consisted of 2,500 family housing units. [3], Upon the introduction of the B-24J, all three of the Liberator manufacturing plants converted to the production of this version. [6] In April 2013, a redevelopment manager for the RACER Trust said unused portions of the powertrain plant would likely be razed as a step toward redeveloping the property. Steel dies proved more precise, longer lasting, and perfectly safe. His sketches embraced the two fundamentals of mass production: standardized, interchangeable parts and continuous, orderly flow punctuated by stops at assembly stations where workers and machines performed repetitive tasks. No one had ever manufactured airplanes on such a scale before. Few new hires had ever been in a factory, so Ford built the Aircraft Apprentice School on the grounds to familiarize these industrial novices with tools and techniques of high-precision aeronautical manufacturing. Apart from a new tail turret, the B-24M differed little from the B-24L. [3][4] The Birmingham Air Depot's primary mission was modifying Liberators from Willow Run. Some 2,500 were parked in an Arizona desert awaiting the day when their aluminum skin and innards would be smelted into ingots for production of coffee percolators, toasters, pots and pans, and myriad other consumer and industrial products to satisfy the ravenous maw of Americas peacetime economy. In addition, Henry Ford refused on principle to hire women. Dies and machine tools were tossed out and redesigned, wasting precious time and millions of dollars. There was no sequence or orderly flow of materials, no sense of forward motion, no reliance on machined parts, he said. During this reduction, there was rumor that Ford would repurchase the plant from the government . Women did everything from clerical work in the offices to riveting and welding on the assembly line. WWII riveters return one last time to bomber plant - USA Today They would be built elsewhere. The main building's "L" shape prevented its crossing into neighboring Wayne County. She was part of that migration, part of the 40,000 employees at the Ford-run Willow Run B-24 bomber plant and part of the great Arsenal of Democracy that Detroit and the Southeastern Michigan region became, cranking out airplanes, tanks, trucks, and weapons. Sixty-seven feet long, the B-24 had 450,000 parts and 360,000 rivets in Production for the B-24H at Willow Run was 1,780. During a January 1941 inspection tour of the Consolidated San Diego plant with Edsel Ford, gentlemanly 45-year-old company president and son of cantankerous autocrat Henry Ford, Sorensen belittled the operations deliberate, labor-intensive procedures. Willow Run After WWII - Military History of the Upper Great Lakes The War Department pitched in with funds for the Detroit Industrial Expressway, linking the city to the plant. While assembly workers formed the heart of Willow Run's workforce, there were numerous administrative, clerical and support staff members too. The worksite Sorensen chose was a 1,875-acre Ford-owned tract that had been a farm camp for boys whose fathers were killed or disabled in World War I. Kahn had designed the Rouge and hundreds of other manufacturing facilities over a long and storied career. Changeovers required onerous delays and costly retooling. Consolidated maintained control over design changes and so did the Army Air Corps (retitled U.S. Army Air Force in June 1941). Henry Ford and the World Wars - Military History of the Upper Great Lakes Ford's production methods depended on a "fixed" design -- each design modification required expensive and time-consuming updates to the assembly line. Each kit -- consisting of 80 percent of the parts for a finished B-24 -- was shipped via two tractor-trailers. [8], Coordinates: 421428N 833304W / 42.241N 83.551W / 42.241; -83.551. Consolidated's method required 250 man-hours; Ford's needed one. AskUs", "Oral History Interview with John W. Snyder", "Ford May Convert Willow Run Into Huge Tractor Plant", "History of the original Willow Run Village", "They may save our honor, our hopesand our necks", AFHRA Document 00155775 1 Concentration Command History, AFHRA Document 00150138 AAFTC Technical Training Command, "Tucson International Airport's Historic Hangars", "History of the Willow Run Plant, Part 3", "Preservation group gets extension to raise money for historic Willow Run factory", "Willow Run bomber plant preservationists get more time to reach goal", "Yankee Air Museum signs deal for part of Willow Run Bomber Plant", "YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP: RACER Trust reaches demolition, development agreements for Willow Run plant", "Death of a factory: inside the Willow Run GM Powertrain plant for the last time", "Willow Run assembly plant demolition proceeding", "A Future NEW Home for the Yankee Air Museum", Detroit Edison Company Willis Avenue Station, Michigan Bell and Western Electric Warehouse, Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District, Frederic M. Sibley Lumber Company Office Building, List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willow_Run&oldid=1134554587, Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States, Motor vehicle assembly plants in Michigan, United States home front during World War II, Michigan State Historic Sites in Washtenaw County, Michigan, Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan, Articles with dead external links from September 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, military draft each month 8,200 workers drafted into military service, school the Aircraft Apprentice School had up to 8,000 students per week completed training and reported for work, dimensions More than 3,200 feet long and 1,279 feet across at its widest point, subassemblies parts production and subassemblies at almost 1,000 Ford factories and independent suppliers, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 07:10. Employees at Willow Run celebrated the completion of their 6,000th airplane in September 1944. Charles Sorensen, seen here earlier in his career, traveled to Consolidated's San Diego plant with Ford president Edsel Ford. PEGATRON CORPORATION Company Profile | Taipei City, Taiwan [17], Architect Albert Kahn designed the main structure of the Willow Run bomber plant, which had 3,500,000 square feet (330,000m2) of factory space, and an aircraft assembly line over a mile (1600m) long. Though the outside may appear to be a stubborn tool shed that won't open by pulling the handle, simply pushing the door open reveals a secret room hidden from prying eyes. Bill. In 1968, General Motors began reorganizing its body and assembly operations into the GM Assembly Division (GMAD). More than 3,200 feet long and 1,279 feet across at its widest point, the plants 80-acre interior exceeded the Empire State Buildings floor space by 20 percent. The Yankee Air Museum acquired a portion of the plant, for preservation and exhibit purposes, in 2013. most enormous room in the history of man.. The resulting housing complexes were built in several different groups. Willow Run - B24 Liberator - Military History of the Upper Great Lakes The bombings curbed Germany's manufacturing capabilities and wore down its citizens' morale. Consequently, newly constructed Liberators needed modifications for the specific geographic areas they were to be flown in combat. In 2009, General Motors announced that it would shut down all operations at the GM Powertrain plant and engineering center in the coming year.[6]. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. Employees Assembling Bomber at Willow Run Plant, March 1943. Willow Run, also known as Air Force Plant 31, was a manufacturing complex in Michigan, United States, located between Ypsilanti Township and Belleville, built by the Ford Motor Company to manufacture aircraft, especially the B-24 Liberator heavy bomber. ", 1960 Chevrolet Corvair Sales Brochure, "The Prestige Car in Its Class". South Lyon, Mich., resident Emma Rancour, who got a job at the Willow Run bomber plant at age 19 in 1943, was in awe of the plant's sheer size. Ground-water supplies of the Ypsilanti area, Michigan The president and his advisers were convinced that long-range, high-altitude heavy bombers would be the decisive weapon in a war dominated by air power and industrial muscle. The center includes a proving ground where smart cars react instantly to all manner of potentially dangerous and problematic situations. Video: Inside the Ford Willow Run Bomber Plant - Mac's Motor City Garage Ford created a permanent jig into which wings could be moved in and out by overhead crane. Rivet gun operator Rosemary Will from Pulaski County, KY, appeared in a Ford promotional film, personifying thousands of women in the nations defense industry, collectively known as Rosie the Riveter. Willow Run Bomber Plant IPMS - USA. This was done at Willow Run by 1st Concentration Command (1st CC). Since the 2010 closure of Willow Run Transmission, the factory complex has been managed by the RACER Trust, which controls the properties of the former General Motors. Browse our Buyers Guide to find suppliers of all types of assembly technology, machines and systems, service providers and trade organizations. With global headquarters located in the Neihu Science Park in Taipei City, LITEON Technology looks toward sustainable and profitable growth as it expanses business in the high-tech industry. In 1941, Henry Ford had his company build a factory at Willow Run in the Detroit area. Sorensen and his team carefully planned the new facility to the last detail. Fifty variants of the aircraft were dispatched to allies throughout the world from these sites. Willow Run takes its name from a small tributary of the Huron River that meandered through pastureland fields and woodland along the WayneWashtenaw county line until the late 1930s. Feeding the thousands of workers at Willow Run was no small task. Ford's Willow Run Factory - Warfare History Network

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